Amazon Conditions of Use

# Conditions of Use

** Last updated: August 14, 2026**

Welcome to Amazon.com. Amazon.com Services LLC and/or its affiliates ("Amazon") provide
website features and other products and services to you when you visit or shop at
Amazon.com, use Amazon products or services, use Amazon applications for mobile, or
use software provided by Amazon in connection with any of the foregoing (collectively,
"Amazon Services"). By using the Amazon Services, you agree, on behalf of yourself
and all members of your household and others who use any Amazon Service under your
account, to the following conditions.

## Please read these conditions carefully.

We offer a wide range of Amazon Services that may be subject to additional terms.
When you use an Amazon Service (for example, Alexa, Amazon Music, Gift Cards, or Prime
Video) you also will be subject to the terms applicable to that Amazon Service (the
"Service Terms"). For example, if you use Alexa on any Amazon or third-party product
or service, you agree to the Alexa Terms of Use. If these Conditions of Use are inconsistent with the Service Terms, those Service
Terms will control.

## PRIVACY

Please review our Privacy Notice, which also governs your use of Amazon Services, to understand our practices.

## ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS

When you use Amazon Services, or send e-mails, text messages, and other communications
from your desktop or mobile device to us, you may be communicating with us electronically.
You consent to receive communications from us electronically, such as e-mails, texts,
mobile push notices, or notices and messages on this site or through the other Amazon
Services, such as our Message Center, and you can retain copies of these communications
for your records. You agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures, and other communications
that we provide to you electronically satisfy any legal requirement that such communications
be in writing.

## COPYRIGHT

All content included in or made available through any Amazon Service, such as text,
graphics, logos, button icons, images, audio clips, digital downloads, data compilations,
and software is the property of Amazon or its content suppliers and protected by United
States and international copyright laws. The compilation of all content included in
or made available through any Amazon Service is the exclusive property of Amazon and
protected by U.S. and international copyright laws.

## TRADEMARKS

Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product
or service that is not Amazon's or in any manner that is likely to cause confusion
among customers. Trademarks not owned by Amazon that appear in any Amazon Service
are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with,
connected to, or sponsored by Amazon.

## LICENSE AND ACCESS

Subject to your compliance with these Conditions of Use and any Service Terms, and
your payment of any applicable fees, Amazon or its content providers grant you a limited,
non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable license to access and make personal
and non-commercial use of the Amazon Services. This license does not include any resale
or commercial use of any Amazon Service, or its contents; any collection and use of
any product listings, descriptions, or prices; any derivative use of any Amazon Service
or its contents; any downloading, copying, or other use of account information for
the benefit of any third party; or any use of data mining, robots, or similar data
gathering and extraction tools. You may not use the Amazon Services to infringe, misappropriate,
or violate intellectual property or other legal rights. All rights not expressly granted
to you in these Conditions of Use or any Service Terms are reserved and retained by
Amazon or its licensors, suppliers, publishers, rightsholders, or other content providers.
No Amazon Service, nor any part of any Amazon Service or its contents, may be reproduced,
duplicated, copied, sold, resold, visited, or otherwise exploited for any commercial
purpose without express written consent of Amazon. You will not, and will not allow
any third party to, use AI-generated content from the Amazon Services to, directly
or indirectly, develop or improve large language or multimodal models, machine learning
models or related technology. You may not frame or utilize framing techniques to enclose
any trademark, logo, or other proprietary information (including images, text, page
layout, or form) of Amazon without express written consent. You may not use any meta
tags or any other "hidden text" utilizing Amazon's name or trademarks without the
express written consent of Amazon. You may not misuse the Amazon Services. You may
use the Amazon Services only as permitted by law. The licenses granted by Amazon terminate
if you do not comply with these Conditions of Use or any Service Terms.

## YOUR ACCOUNT

You may need your own Amazon account to use certain Amazon Services, and you may be
required to be logged in to the account and have a valid payment method associated
with it. If there is a problem charging your selected payment method, we may charge
any other valid payment method associated with your account. Visit Your Payments to manage your payment options. You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality
of your account and password and for restricting access to your account, and you agree
to accept responsibility for all activities that occur under your account or password.
Amazon does sell products for children, but it sells them to adults, who can purchase
with a credit card or other permitted payment method. If you are under 18, you may
use the Amazon Services only with involvement of a parent or guardian. Parents and
guardians may create profiles for teenagers in their Amazon Household. Alcohol listings
on Amazon are intended for adults. You must be at least 21 years of age to purchase
alcohol, or use any site functionality related to alcohol. Amazon reserves the right
to refuse service, terminate accounts, terminate your rights to use Amazon Services,
remove or edit content, or cancel orders in its sole discretion.

## REVIEWS, COMMENTS, COMMUNICATIONS, AND OTHER CONTENT

You may post reviews, comments, photos, videos, and other content; send e-cards and
other communications; and submit suggestions, ideas, comments, questions, or other
information, so long as the content is not illegal, obscene, threatening, defamatory,
invasive of privacy, infringing of intellectual property rights (including publicity
rights), or otherwise injurious to third parties or objectionable, and does not consist
of or contain software viruses, political campaigning, commercial solicitation, chain
letters, mass mailings, or any form of "spam" or unsolicited commercial electronic
messages. You may not use a false e-mail address, impersonate any person or entity,
or otherwise mislead as to the origin of a card or other content. Amazon reserves
the right (but not the obligation) to remove or edit such content, but does not regularly
review posted content.

If you do post content or submit material, and unless we indicate otherwise, you grant
Amazon a nonexclusive, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, and fully sublicensable
right to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, perform, translate, create derivative
works from, distribute, and display such content throughout the world in any media.
You grant Amazon and sublicensees the right to use the name that you submit in connection
with such content, if they choose. You represent and warrant that you own or otherwise
control all of the rights to the content that you post; that the content is accurate;
that use of the content you supply does not violate this policy and will not cause
injury to any person or entity; and that you will indemnify Amazon for all claims
resulting from content you supply. Amazon has the right but not the obligation to
monitor and edit or remove any activity or content. Amazon takes no responsibility
and assumes no liability for any content posted by you or any third party.

## INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMPLAINTS

Amazon respects the intellectual property of others. If you believe that your intellectual
property rights are being infringed, please follow our Notice and Procedure for Making Claims of Copyright Infringement.

## RISK OF LOSS

All purchases of physical items from Amazon are made pursuant to a shipment contract.
This means that the risk of loss and title for such items pass to you upon our delivery
to the carrier.

## RETURNS, REFUNDS AND TITLE

Amazon does not take title to returned items until the item arrives at our fulfillment
center. At our discretion, a refund may be issued without requiring a return. In this
situation, Amazon does not take title to the refunded item. For more information about
our returns and refunds, please see our Returns Center .

## PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS

Amazon attempts to be as accurate as possible. However, Amazon does not warrant that
product descriptions or other content of any Amazon Service is accurate, complete,
reliable, current, or error-free. If a product offered by Amazon itself is not as
described, your sole remedy is to return it in unused condition.

## PRICING

With respect to items sold by Amazon, we cannot confirm the price of an item until
you order. Despite our best efforts, a small number of the items in our catalog may
be mispriced. If the correct price of an item sold by Amazon is higher than our stated
price, we will, at our discretion, either contact you for instructions before shipping
or cancel your order and notify you of such cancellation. Other merchants may follow
different policies in the event of a mispriced item.

We generally do not charge your credit card until after your order has entered the
shipping process or, for digital products, until we make the digital product available
to you.

In addition to the stated purchase price, products may display other reference prices
as a point of comparison to inform your purchase decisions. Click here for more information on reference prices and savings displays.

## APP PERMISSIONS

When you use apps created by Amazon, such as the Amazon App or Kindle App, you may
grant certain permissions to us for your device. Most mobile devices provide you with
information about these permissions. To learn more about these permissions, click here.

## SANCTIONS AND EXPORT POLICY

You may not use any Amazon Service if you are the subject of U.S. sanctions or of
sanctions consistent with U.S. law imposed by the governments of the country where
you are using Amazon Services. You must comply with all U.S. or other export and re-export
restrictions that may apply to goods, software (including Amazon Software), technology,
and services.

## OTHER BUSINESSES

Parties other than Amazon operate stores, provide services or software, or sell product
lines through the Amazon Services. In addition, we provide links to the sites of affiliated
companies and certain other businesses. If you purchase any of the products or services
offered by these businesses or individuals, you are purchasing directly from those
third parties, not from Amazon. We are not responsible for examining or evaluating,
and we do not warrant, the offerings of any of these businesses or individuals (including
the content of their Web sites). Amazon does not assume any responsibility or liability
for the actions, product, and content of all these and any other third parties. You
should carefully review their privacy statements and other conditions of use.

## DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

THE AMAZON SERVICES AND ALL INFORMATION, CONTENT, MATERIALS, PRODUCTS (INCLUDING SOFTWARE)
AND OTHER SERVICES INCLUDED ON OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE TO YOU THROUGH THE AMAZON
SERVICES ARE PROVIDED BY AMAZON ON AN "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" BASIS, UNLESS OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED IN WRITING. AMAZON MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE OPERATION OF THE AMAZON SERVICES, OR THE INFORMATION, CONTENT,
MATERIALS, PRODUCTS (INCLUDING SOFTWARE) OR OTHER SERVICES INCLUDED ON OR OTHERWISE
MADE AVAILABLE TO YOU THROUGH THE AMAZON SERVICES, UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN WRITING.
YOU EXPRESSLY AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE AMAZON SERVICES IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK.

TO THE FULL EXTENT PERMISSIBLE BY LAW, AMAZON DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AMAZON DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE AMAZON SERVICES,
INFORMATION, CONTENT, MATERIALS, PRODUCTS (INCLUDING SOFTWARE) OR OTHER SERVICES INCLUDED
ON OR OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE TO YOU THROUGH THE AMAZON SERVICES, AMAZON'S SERVERS
OR ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SENT FROM AMAZON ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL
COMPONENTS. TO THE FULL EXTENT PERMISSIBLE BY LAW, AMAZON WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DAMAGES OF ANY KIND ARISING FROM THE USE OF ANY AMAZON SERVICE, OR FROM ANY INFORMATION,
CONTENT, MATERIALS, PRODUCTS (INCLUDING SOFTWARE) OR OTHER SERVICES INCLUDED ON OR
OTHERWISE MADE AVAILABLE TO YOU THROUGH ANY AMAZON SERVICE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, AND CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, UNLESS OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED IN WRITING.

## DISPUTES

YOU AND WE AGREE THAT ANY DISPUTE OR CLAIM RELATING IN ANY WAY TO YOUR USE OF ANY
AMAZON SERVICE, OR TO ANY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES SOLD OR DISTRIBUTED BY AMAZON OR THROUGH
AMAZON.COM, WILL BE RESOLVED BY BINDING ARBITRATION RATHER THAN IN COURT. The only
exceptions are: (i) if the dispute or claim qualifies for small claims court in the
jurisdiction in which you reside, then you or we may sue there instead; (ii) you or
we may seek injunctive relief in court to stop infringement or misuse of intellectual
property rights (like trademarks, copyrights, and patents), or to restrain future
violations of the law for the benefit of the general public as a whole, rather than
a subset of similarly situated persons; and (iii) all disputes about whether you or
we complied with the pre-arbitration dispute resolution procedure set forth below
(which is a condition precedent to filing arbitration) must be decided by a court
and not by an arbitrator. All other disputes, claims, and requests for relief must
be arbitrated, regardless of when they arose, which means you and we are each waiving
our right to sue in court and have a judge or jury trial. This arbitration agreement
is governed by the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”), federal arbitration law, and the
law of the State of Washington. There is no judge or jury in arbitration, and court
review of an arbitration award is limited. A neutral arbitrator will resolve the dispute
or claim and must follow the terms of this agreement as a court would.

*Class Action Waiver*. YOU AND WE AGREE THAT ANY ARBITRATION PROCEEDING WILL BE CONDUCTED ONLY ON AN INDIVIDUAL
BASIS AND NOT IN A CLASS OR REPRESENTATIVE ACTION. You and we may only seek or obtain
individualized relief in arbitration, and claims or requests for public injunctive
relief or relief where you or we act in a representative capacity are not allowed.

*Mandatory Pre-Arbitration Dispute Resolution*. If you have a dispute or claim subject to this arbitration agreement, you must first
contact customer service to try to resolve it. If customer service can’t resolve it
and you wish to pursue arbitration, you must complete the dispute resolution procedure
set forth here, including submitting a completed Notice of Dispute using this Claim Form and negotiating in good faith for 60 days. We will provide you the same information
via your Amazon account’s primary email address if we have an arbitrable dispute with
you and will follow the same dispute resolution procedure.

*Arbitration Process and Procedure*. If you and we do not reach a resolution within 60 days from receiving a notice of
dispute or after completing a timely requested settlement conference, whichever is
later, then you or we may initiate binding arbitration. Arbitration shall: (i) be
administered by JAMS pursuant to the JAMS Streamlined Arbitration Rules & Procedures;
(ii) be conducted by a single arbitrator; and (iii) take place virtually, in the county
where you reside, or in any other location mutually agreed upon. To the extent this
arbitration agreement conflicts with the JAMS Policy on Consumer Arbitrations Pursuant
to Pre-Dispute Clauses Minimum Standards for Procedural Fairness (the “Minimum Standards”),
then the Minimum Standards shall take precedence. The arbitrator shall issue a written
award that states the disposition of each claim and provides a concise statement of
the essential findings and conclusions on which it is based. You and we agree that
any awards issued in other arbitrations will have no precedential or preclusive effect
in any arbitration between us unless you and we were parties to the prior award.

*Mass Arbitration*. If 25 or more demands for arbitration are filed within six months relating to the
same or similar subject matter and sharing common issues of law or fact, and counsel
for the parties submitting the demands are the same or coordinated in any fashion,
you and we agree that this will constitute a “Mass Arbitration.” If a Mass Arbitration
is commenced by either party, you and we agree that (i) the JAMS Mass Arbitration
Procedures and Guidelines shall apply, and (ii) the Process Administrator appointed
by JAMS shall group the arbitration demands into batches of at least 25 and provide
for resolution of each batch with one set of administrative fees and a single arbitrator
assigned per batch. If more than 500 arbitration demands are filed in a Mass Arbitration,
then the Process Administrator shall group the arbitration demands into batches of
at least 100. If more than 2500 arbitration demands are filed in a Mass Arbitration,
then the Process Administrator shall group the arbitration demands into batches of
at least 500. You and we further agree to disclose to each other (i) all relationships
with third-party litigation funders related to the Mass Arbitration and copies of
all applicable litigation funding agreements; and (ii) any financial interest that
you or we have assigned or transferred to a third party (excluding either party's
counsel of record) in connection with the Mass Arbitration and any agreements governing
that assignment or transfer.

*Appeal rights*. You and we agree that the JAMS Optional Appeal Procedures will apply in any Mass
Arbitration and in any arbitration in which either you or we receive a final award
requiring payment of $250,000 or more. If multiple parties appeal from a final award
in a Mass Arbitration, the appeals shall be batched in the same or similar manner
as the underlying arbitrations.

*Delegation and Severability*. You and we each agree that the arbitrator shall have exclusive authority to resolve
all disputes relating in any way to the interpretation, applicability, enforceability,
or formation of this arbitration agreement, including disputes about whether a particular
claim or demand for relief is subject to arbitration and whether this arbitration
agreement is unconscionable, illusory, or otherwise unenforceable. If the arbitrator
determines that you and we are precluded from arbitrating any claim or demand for
relief, then that claim or demand for relief (and only that claim or demand for relief)
must be severed from the arbitration. You and we agree that any severed claim or demand
for relief, any request for public injunctive relief, and any dispute about whether
you or we complied with the pre-arbitration dispute resolution procedure may be brought
only in state or federal court in King County, Washington, where you and we consent
to personal jurisdiction and venue and waive any right to a jury trial. If any provision
in this arbitration agreement is held unenforceable, then that provision shall be
severed, with the remainder of the agreement remaining in full force and effect.

## APPLICABLE LAW

By using any Amazon Service, you agree that applicable federal law, and the laws
of the state of Washington, without regard to principles of conflict of laws, will
govern these Conditions of Use and any dispute of any sort that might arise between
you and Amazon except for disputes arising from personal injury or physical harm to
property allegedly caused by products purchased using Amazon Services. Such disputes
will be governed by the law of the state in which the personal injury or physical
harm to property occurred.

## SITE POLICIES, MODIFICATION, AND SEVERABILITY

Please review our other policies, such as our pricing policy, posted on this site. These policies also govern your use of Amazon Services. We
reserve the right to make changes to our site, policies, Service Terms, and these
Conditions of Use at any time. By using Amazon Services after such changes, you agree
to be bound by them. If any of these conditions shall be deemed invalid, void, or
for any reason unenforceable, that condition shall be deemed severable and shall not
affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining condition.

## Governing Language

It is the express wish of the parties that these Conditions of Use be drawn up in
English. In the event of any inconsistency, discrepancy or conflict between the English
version of these Conditions of Use and their translation in another language, the
English version shall prevail.

## OUR ADDRESS

Amazon.com, Inc.
P.O. Box 81226
Seattle, WA 98108-1226
https://www.amazon.com

## ADDITIONAL AMAZON SOFTWARE TERMS

The following terms (“Software Terms”) apply to any software (including any updates
or upgrades to the software) and any related documentation we make available to you
in connection with Amazon Services (the "Amazon Software").

- ** Use of the Amazon Software.** You may use Amazon Software solely for purposes of enabling you to use the Amazon
Services as provided by Amazon, and as permitted by these Conditions of Use and any
Service Terms. You may not incorporate any portion of the Amazon Software into other
programs or compile any portion of it in combination with other programs, or otherwise
copy (except to exercise rights granted in this section), modify, create derivative
works of, distribute, assign any rights to, or license the Amazon Software in whole
or in part. All software used in any Amazon Service is the property of Amazon or its
software suppliers and is protected by United States and international copyright laws.

- **Use of Third Party Services.** When you use the Amazon Software, you may also be using the services of one or more
third parties, such as a wireless carrier or a mobile software provider. Your use
of these third party services may be subject to the separate policies, terms of use,
and fees of these third parties.

- **No Reverse Engineering.** You may not reverse engineer, decompile or disassemble, tamper with, apply any other
process or procedure to derive the source code or other underlying components (such
as a model, model parameters, or model weights), or bypass any security associated
with the Amazon Software, whether in whole or in part.

- **Updates.** We may offer automatic or manual updates to the Amazon Software at any time and without
notice to you.

- **Government End Users.** If you are a U.S. Government end user, we are licensing the Amazon Software to you
as a "Commercial Product" as that term is defined in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations
(see 48 C.F.R. § 2.101), and the rights we grant you to the Amazon Software are the
same as the rights we grant to all others under these Conditions of Use.

- **Conflicts.** In the event of any conflict between these Conditions of Use and any other Amazon
or third-party terms applicable to any portion of Amazon Software, such as open-source
license terms, such other terms will control as to that portion of the Amazon Software
and to the extent of the conflict.

## Agents

The terms in this section ("Agent Terms") apply if you use, allow, enable, or cause
the deployment of an Agent to access, use, or interact with any Amazon Services. For
the purposes of these Agent Terms, "Agent" means any software or service that takes
autonomous or semi-autonomous action on behalf of, or at the instruction of, any person
or entity.

- **Transparency and Consent**. No Agent may access, use, or interact with Amazon Services unless, at all times,
it identifies itself and operates in strict accordance with the requirements in section
3 of these Agent Terms. In addition, no Agent may access, use, or interact with Amazon
Services if we have requested that the Agent refrain from accessing, using, or interacting
with any Amazon Service.

- **Limitation on Access**. At our sole discretion, we may limit, including by technical measures, whether and
how any Agent accesses, uses, and interacts with Amazon Services.

- **Technical Requirements.** Agents must:
i. In all HTTP/HTTPS requests, identify that the request is from an Agent and disclose
the name of the Agent by including the following in the request's user agent string:
"Agent/[agent name]" (e.g., Agent/AmazonAgent)

ii. Not conceal or obfuscate that any access, use, or interactions are from an Agent,
such as by (a) mimicking the speed or pattern of human keystrokes, page navigation,
or other interactions or (b) completing or circumventing CAPTCHAs or other measures
intended to distinguish computers from humans.

iii. Respond truthfully to any question or prompt seeking to determine if interactions
are coming from a human or a computer.

iv. Not circumvent or otherwise avoid any measure intended to block, limit, modify,
or control whether and how Agents access, use, or interact with an Amazon Service.

## HOW TO SERVE A SUBPOENA OR OTHER LEGAL PROCESS

Amazon accepts service of subpoenas or other legal process only through Amazon's
national registered agent, Corporation Service Company (CSC). Subpoenas or other legal
process may be served by sending them to CSC at the following address:

Amazon.com, Inc.
Corporation Service Company
300 Deschutes Way SW, Suite 208 MC-CSC1
Tumwater, WA 98501
Attn: Legal Department – Legal Process

Please note also that providing detailed and accurate information at the outset will
facilitate efficient processing of your request. That information will include, for
example, e-mail and/or credit card number used to make purchases for retail purchase
information; the name, e-mail, and physical address of a seller for seller information;
device serial number for Amazon devices; and IP address and complete time stamps.

## NOTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR MAKING CLAIMS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT

If you believe that your intellectual property rights have been infringed, please
submit your complaint using our online form. This form may be used to report all types of intellectual property claims including,
but not limited to, copyright, trademark, and patent claims.

We respond quickly to the concerns of rights owners about any alleged infringement,
and we terminate repeat infringers in appropriate circumstances.

We offer the following alternative to our online form for copyright complaints only.
You may submit written claims of copyright infringement to our Copyright Agent at:

Copyright Agent
Amazon.com Legal Department
P.O. Box 81226
Seattle, WA 98108
phone: (206) 266-4064
e-mail: copyright@amazon.com

Courier address:
Copyright Agent
Amazon.com Legal Department
2021 7th Avenue
Seattle, WA 98121
USA

Written claims concerning copyright infringement must include the following information:

- A physical or electronic signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the
owner of the copyright interest;

- A description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed upon;

- A description of where the material that you claim is infringing is located on the
site;

- Your address, telephone number, and e-mail address;

- A statement by you that you have a good-faith belief that the disputed use is not
authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and

- A statement by you, made under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your
notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the
copyright owner's behalf.